Requirements For Moving Image Production

Requirements for a Moving Image Produc1tion

Requirements for a moving image production

Media forms

Our group produced a 90 second short video for an online competition produced by DepicT! Is a Watershed’s international short film completion that since its creation by Brief encounters in 1998, has been challenging filmmakers to create a 90 Second ultra-short film. Each year they receive hundreds of films each year which come from many different countries and are many different genres. All of these films are then judged by a panel of judges and short listed and placed online so even then the judging isn’t done there the films are then done on a public vote to help determine the winner as well as the star judges and normal judges. The winners are then posted and win £2500 and publicity.so we also distributed our work through YouTube and Blogger which gives us an easily sharable and viewable media to show are work on.

ww.depict.org

There are many different media text as well as our short video such as; Feature length films which must have a running time of more than 40 minutes to be eligible for an Academy Award, Series which may be a Film series or Television series, Stand alones are usually a one of programme. Serials are a series that doesn’t have a determined end. A v-log is a form of blog and is a form of web television. V-log entries often combine embedded video with supporting text, images, and other metadata. Entries can be recorded in one take or cut into multiple parts. The v-log category is popular on YouTube. Online series such as Netflix exclusive series are a series which is purely online based and streamed. Music videos have taken many forms such as a recent realise by an up and coming artist where she built a miniature screen into her cd case (https://www.facebook.com/video.php?v=850293948348411&set=vb.140271866017293&type=2&theater) then there is the usual online based videos which are out competing the TV channels due to the personal choice of what comes on next. Adverts are a major media source because they can be seen and nearly all mainstream television and now they are becoming more prevalent on online streaming. Station identification (ident, network ID or channel ID) is the practice of radio or television stations or networks identifying themselves on-air, typically by means of a call sign or brand. This may be to satisfy requirements of licensing authorities, a form of branding or a combination of both.

Sources of finance

There are many different types of finance sources such as; Bank loans which would usually involve a pitch to a board of managers for a bank and them calculating the risk and if you were worth the investment. Crowdfunding is the practice of funding a project or venture by raising monetary contributions from a large number of people, there are a few sites one of which is Kickstarter “a home for everything from films, games, and music to art, design, and technology. Kickstarter is full of projects, big and small, that are brought to life through the direct support of people like you. Since our launch in 2009, 7.4 million people have pledged $1 billion, funding73000 creative projects. Thousands of creative projects are raising funds on Kickstarter right now.”. EBegging is an online way of asking for financial support from the public. Family and friend investment usually goes hand in hand with self-funded as you usually need a little bit of extra cash flow to help you produce the final piece .Private investment/capital is own or investors’ money used to finance the production. An example of this is Waking Madison which told the story of a woman who tries to cure her multiple personality disorder by locking herself in a room without food for 30 days. Megan Ellison financed the film that was reported to have a budget of $2 millionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megan_Ellison

Fundraising and the BFI fund which give funding to film ventures this is much like the bank investment but “production finance will be recoupable by the BFI. You will be allowed to be paid a 25% share of the BFI’s recouped investment (rising to 50% once the BFI has recouped 50% of its investment)” so you have to pay back the money but once they have lent the money you can then use the money for ant future productions .Rights selling and marketing deals these can be multiple deals such as selling toy making rights like transformers have to different company’s which in turn pay you for the privilege of being the only producer. Multi-territory where a company wants the exclusive right to distribute in a selected company north Korea will only show selected film by their government .product placement Sony Xperia T review - 'Skyfall' phone  which they would have paid to have on screen and also the for a further deal with the bond franchise .

https://www.kickstarter.com/hello?ref=footer

http://www.bfi.org.uk/sites/bfi.org.uk/files/downloads/bfi-film-fund-application-guidelines-2014.pdf

Distribution methods

Cinema release/release –cinema release is booking of a set period of a films showings at worldwide or country specific locations there is usually a premier release date.

OOH advertising – Out of home advertising is focused on marketing to consumers when they are "on the go" in public places, in transit, waiting such as on a bus and or in specific commercial locations (such as in a super market). OOH advertising formats fall into four main categories: billboards, street furniture, transit, and alternative

TV , Streaming and on demand  - these are all visual ways to see the film after the cinema release these are usually released within a few years depending on cost to the distributes and licencing agreements .

Requirements for any production

Actors & talent – these can be anyone from a main actor to the stunt men so these can take time to arrange.

“Robert Downey Jr has topped Forbes magazine's annual list of the highest paid actors for the second year in a row. The 49-year-old star of the Iron Man and Avengers films made an estimated $75m over the past year, beating rivals Dwayne Johnson, Bradley Cooper, Chris Hemsworth and Leonardo DiCaprio.

Much of Downey Jr's wealth – Forbes estimates his earnings to be almost identical to last year's – came from his work for Marvel Studios as superhero Iron Man. In particular, the comic book movie sequel Iron Man 3 took $1.2bn globally last year.”

http://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/jul/22/robert-downey-jr-forbes-highest-earning

·         Equipment – anything from cameras to the lighting

·         Crew – these are anyone that is required to make the film happen even if it is someone to clean up after the day of shooting is finished they will be required to bring the film alive

·         Distribution – this is deliverance of the product in many medias on many platforms to best gain popularity and profit

·         Location – this will be one of the things that has to be made obvious from the original script with the settings or picked by a director there can be Nemours locations

·         Advertising – this can include any form of product or film promotion and usual is out scoured to another company to control for a profit percentage cut.

·         Transport – usual this is the transportation of equipment, crew, talent, actors.

·         Make up & costume – these are usually done by a specific company or an out sourced crew.

·         Accommodation -  for actors and talent and any crew that might need to be brought in

·         Sound track – usually a fee is paid to an artist for this or if it is a specific song it may be written specifically for the film.

·         Editing – this can be out sourced for speed but at a large cost or can be done in house by director and an editing team.

·         Advertising  (30%-60% for promo)

We only had a few requirements for our production which were; Camera, SD card, Tripod, lighting, costume and props.

·         Personnel (talent and crew)

Low budget short

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7J2AhMZ7wdQ

Low budget films can have a large crew depending as low budget can be anywhere from £1 to £5000 so it depends on the time taken to shoot and other expenses but usually compared to other films or TV programs. The budget is usually rather small due to the limited size to the crew and cast such as the budget for our film was £5 due to the small cast a crew and limited support.

A television programme

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0478942/fullcredits?ref_=tt_cl_sm#cast

These usually have a medium budget  due to the average size of the cast and crew and also the money invested is usually only after the programme has caught on after the pilot is successful.

Most of the budget is made back Costs are recouped mainly by advertising revenues for broadcast networks and some cable channels, while other cable channels depend on subscription revenues. In general, advertisers, and consequently networks that depend on advertising revenues, are more interested in the number of viewers within the 18–49 age range than the total number of viewers.

“The average broadcast network drama costs $3 million an episode to produce, while cable dramas cost $2 million on average.[5] The pilot episode may be more expensive than a regular episode. In 2004, Lost's two-hour pilot cost $10–$14 million, in 2008 Fringe's two-hour pilot cost $10 million, and in 2010, Boardwalk Empire was $18 million for the first episode. In 2011, Game of Thrones was $5–$10 million, Pan Am cost an estimated $10 million, while Terra Nova's two-hour pilot was between $10 to $20 million.”

Hollywood feature film

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0816692/fullcredits?ref_=tt_cl_sm#cast

Allocation of work-

When filming and producing my Depict ultra-short film I was directed the role of camera operator. This utilised my attention for detail and creative skill that I gained through A-Level photography. As camera operator, I filmed each scene within the short film, taking a number of shots to create a quality final production.

Dan - in the production

James- director

Ruben- outsourced actor

Time

When filming and producing my depict ultra-short film I was given 8 days to plan, 8 days to film, 8 days to edit as the designated timeframe in order to complete our film. This time was decided by our teacher, who assigned us with requirements that had to be completed within time.

Using this timeframe, my group was able to complete a number of tasks within the time. This included pre-production paper work that involved a story board, release forms, location recce, shot list, risk assessment, talent release forms. Filming and editing of the production also took place alongside this pre-production paper work. In addition to this, a daily blog was also kept using Blogger that displayed and described each group member’s individual work and input into the production. This completed work met the expectations of our teacher.

However, despite meeting these requirements, due to unexpected circumstances the time that was allocated was used for different purposes in times than previously planned in the pre-production schedule. Consequently as a result of this, our group failed to meet some of the set deadlines as work was completed after this time within the final deadline.

If deadlines are not met within the professional industry, companies hold the risk of being penalised through previously discussed contract. This can depend on costs and unexpected delays. However usually, production is kept on schedule to avoid fines and mounting costs due to delays. Reputation is a major part of the film industry and this can make and break a career in the director world such as the director of heaven’s gate directed by Michael Cimino this was known as one of the biggest financial flops.

“There were major setbacks in the film's production due to cost and time overruns, negative press, and rumours about Cimino's allegedly overbearing directorial style. It is generally considered one of the biggest box office bombs of all time, and in some circles has been considered to be one of the worst films ever made. It opened to poor reviews and earned $3.5 million domestically (from an estimated $44 million budget), eventually contributing to the near collapse of its studio, United Artists, and effectively destroying the reputation of Cimino.”

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heaven%27s_Gate_%28film%29

Equipment/Facilities

Company:

EPIC Studios

Telephone:

01603 727 727

Website:

www.epic-tv.com

Address

112 - 114 Magdalen St,

Norwich,

NR3 1JD,

England

 “Fully equipped HD studios with post production facilities including a dub theatre, voice over booths, and both Final Cut Pro and AVID Suites.

EPIC deals with all aspects of production including facilities, equipment hire, design, installation and commissioning.

The complex also provides tenanted office space for creative companies, giving likeminded businesses the platform to share ideas and work together through innovative partnerships.

Norwich is an attractive city steeped in cultural heritage. Traditionally the media centre for the East of England, it has a large pool of talented crew to call upon for your production.”

·         Materials

Script

A screenplay or script is a written work by screenwriters for a film, video game, or television program. These screenplays can be original works or adaptations from existing pieces of writing. In them, the movement, actions, expression, and dialogues of the characters are also narrated. A play for television is also known as a teleplay. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screenplay

Picture libraries such as

“The British Association of Picture Libraries and Agencies, or BAPLA, is the trade association for picture libraries in the UK and has been a trade body since 1975.

Members include the major news, stock and production agencies as well as sole traders and cultural heritage institutions. A substantial percentage of images seen every day in print and digital media is supplied by BAPLA members.”

http://www.bapla.org.uk/en/page/show_home_page.html

Sound libraries such as

“The British Library Sound Archive holds more than a million discs and 185,000 tapes.[52] The collections come from all over the world and cover the entire range of recorded sound from music, drama and literature to oral history and wildlife sounds, stretching back over more than 100 years. The Sound Archive's online catalogue is updated daily.

It is possible to listen to recordings from the collection in selected Reading Rooms in the Library through their Sound Server and Listening and Viewing Service, which is based in the Rare Books & Music Reading Room

In 2006 the Library launched a new online resource British Library Sounds which makes over 10,000 hours of the Sound Archive's recordings available online for UK higher and further education and the general public.”

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Library#Sound_archive

Legal Issues

Materials used in media productions must be thoroughly considered before placement due to legal issues that must be addressed. One legal consideration is not having placement rights or permissions and sound track releases that are shown in footage.

Copyright

A copyright is law that gives the owner of a written document, musical composition, book, picture, or other creative work, the right to decide what other people can do with it. Copyright laws make it easier for authors to make money by selling their works. Because of copyright, a work can only be copied if the owner of the copyright gives permission.

When someone copies or edits a work that is protected under copyright without permission, the owner may sue for the value of the violation. Most such cases are handled by civil law. In more serious cases, a person who copies a work that is protected under copyright could be arrested, fined or even go to prison.

http://www.cla.co.uk/copyright_information/copyright_information

Public liability   

“Insurance is an essential part of filmmaking. The basic insurance that you need will cover the health and safety of your cast and crew. If you are hiring any equipment, you will need to know what it is worth and get it insured accordingly. There are many other areas that you can look to have insured. For example, bad weather insurance covers you if you have to reshoot as a result of Mother Nature, but this is beyond most short film budgets.

What to cover

On a very fundamental level your insurance should cover your film for:

Equipment: All risks of physical loss or damage to equipment including whilst in transit. Note that loss of equipment caused by theft from unattended vehicles or acts of fraud are usually excluded from your cover. Likewise damage to equipment caused by mechanical or electrical breakdown or general wear or tear is again not usually covered.

Footage: Damage or loss to negatives and/or videotapes.

Employers Liability: to provide indemnity in respect of your legal liability to pay compensation for death, disease or bodily injury to employees arising out of and during the course of their employment.

Public liability: in the event of accidental bodily injury to any person or damage to property.

It is really important to purchase insurance in these areas. You need to make sure you are covered for possible severe financial liabilities in case anything goes wrong on set.

Note: you should always read the exclusions that apply to your insurance policy, for instance acts of terrorism are not usually covered. “

http://www.bbc.co.uk/filmnetwork/filmmaking/guide/production/insurance

Completion guarantees

“A completion guarantee (sometimes referred to as a completion bond) is a form of insurance offered by a completion guarantor company (in return for a percentage fee based on the budget) that is often used in independently financed films to guarantee that the producer will complete and deliver the film (based on an agreed script, cast and budget) to the distributors then triggering the payment of minimum distribution guarantees to the producer.”

The producer will have to agree to deliver the film based on the agreed script, cast and budget to a distributor in respect of certain territories in consideration for payment of a "minimum distribution guarantee" payable at the point in time when the producer has delivered the completed film. The producer obviously requires such funds upfront to finance the film so the producer takes the signed distribution contract to a bank/financier and will effectively use it as collateral against a production loan

Bbfc

The British Board of Film Classification (BBFC), before 1985 known as British Board of Film Censors, is a non-governmental organization, founded by the film industry in 1912 and responsible for the national classification and censorship of films within the United Kingdom. It has a statutory requirement to classify videos, DVDs and, to a lesser extent, some video games under the Video Recordings Act 2010 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Board_of_Film_Classification

Ofcom

 The Office of Communications, commonly known as Ofcom, is the government-approved regulatory and competition authority for the broadcasting, telecommunications and postal industries of the United Kingdom. Ofcom has wide-ranging powers across the television, radio, telecoms and postal sectors. It has a statutory duty to represent the interests of citizens and consumers by promoting competition and protecting the public from harmful or offensive material. Some of the main areas Ofcom presides over are licensing, research, codes and policies, complaints, competition and protecting the radio spectrum from abuse. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofcom

Unions

A union is an organized group of workers who collectively use their strength to have a voice in their workplace. Through a union, workers have a right to impact wages, work hours, benefits, workplace health and safety, job training and other work-related issues. Under U.S. law, workers of all ages have the right to join a union. Having support from the union to ensure fairness and respect in the workplace is one of the key reasons workers organize.All of the benefits and protections workers enjoy today came about as a result of the organized labor movement in this country. These include the minimum wage, social security payments, an eight hour day and weekends, overtime pay, the American with Disabilities Act and the Occupational Safety and Health Act which requires employers to meet safety standards for their workers.

Trade associations

Organization whose members are involved in a particular business or trade, such as retail and wholesale, fabrics, food stuff, transportation. There are many trade associations and professional bodies in the UK. A trade association, also known as a industry trade group, is an organisation founded and funded by businesses that operate in a specific industry. A professional association (also called a professional body, professional organisation, or professional society) is a non-profit organisation seeking to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals engaged in that profession, and the public interest.

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